Many universities in Japan have recently launched technology licensing organization (TLO) or established university corporate relations offices, which has drastically changed the environment in regards to handling intellectual property rights at the universities. There are several problems that are specific to universities. This is because the chief role of the university is academic education, and because desire of society is for researchers at the universities to present their results as soon as possible for the advancement of science. Meanwhile, the resources at these universities are essential for the future growth of the biotechnology industry, which is expected to become a large area of Japanese industry. This paper overviews the current trend in the technology transfer of the university-originated inventions in the field of biology, and discuss the problems therein.