Based on the Convention on Biological Diversity (adopted in 1992, effected in 1993), the Nagoya Protocol was adopted in 2010, and research using genetic resources is legally regulated. Based on the Cartagena Protocol (adopted in 2000, effected in 2003), the Nagoya/Kuala Lumpur Supplement Protocol was adopted in 2010, and the handling of living modified organisms is legally regulated. In response to such international trends, the ABS Guideline was enforced as the domestic application of the Nagoya Protocol in Japan on August 20, 2017. In companies and universities studying genetic resources in developing countries, it is necessary to carry out research activities according to the ABS Guideline in future. Furthermore, on March 5, 2018, the revised law called the Cartagena Act was enforced as the domestic application of the Nagoya/Kuala Lumpur Supplemental Protocol. It is necessary to conduct research in relation to the influence on biological diversity in accordance with the revised Cartagena Act in future.